A structured method for evaluating visualisation designs
Each heuristic question is rated on a Likert scale from -2 to +2, reflecting how well the artefact meets the given criterion.
Instructors or self-appraisers may choose to annotate each score with brief reasoning or link it to visual or interface evidence.
Each heuristic question is rated on a Likert scale from -2 to +2, representing how well the artefact meets each specific criterion. However, these numbers are not meant to be used as a simple aggregate or final judgment. While it's good to calculate an average or total score, this can actually obscure the complexity of the critique. So the overall score must be considered in its entirity and how it has been created. For example, strong performance in one area may hide weaknesses in another—averaging would flatten these differences.
Treat the scores as signposts for reflection. They help surface patterns, highlight standout areas (positive or negative), and guide thoughtful interpretation. Used alongside the qualitative insights you’ve gathered—such as your chosen title, the essence summary, and your observations across the six perspectives—the ratings become much more powerful.
After all 30 heuristics have been considered, scores can be averaged or grouped by perspective (e.g., Interface vs. Design). This gives both a quantitative and qualitative picture of strengths and weaknesses.
Common use cases include:
The goal of the final stage is to distil the key findings and translate them into meaningful, actionable steps for improving the design or artefact. Begin by reviewing the overall critique—your ratings, notes, and observations. Pay special attention to any perspectives that stand out, either due to consistently high or low scores.
Next, assess the strengths and weaknesses. Where did the design succeed? Where did it fall short? These reflections should lead naturally into identifying concrete areas for improvement. Then, define your next steps. This might include:
Finally, establish clear goals for the redesign process, and consider how progress will be measured. Whether you’re iterating on a small aspect or rethinking the design more broadly, the Review stage should close the loop, so ensuring that critique leads to change.